1.介绍唐诗的英语作文题目：请阅读唐朝诗人李白的《赠汪伦》，体会它的意境，谈谈你的看法。 赠 汪 伦 李 白 李白乘舟将欲行，忽闻岸上踏歌声。 桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情。 To Wang Lun I'm on board; We're about to sail, When there's stamping and singing on shore; Peach Blossom Pool is a thousand feet deep, Yet not so deep, Wang Lun, as your love for me. 要求： 1. 不得照抄短诗原文； 2. 必须结合短诗的内容，发挥想象， 适当展开； 3. 必须突出短诗主题，结构完整，语意边贯； 4. 短文不能写成诗歌形式； 5. 词数：100左右. To Wang Lun is written by Li Bai who among other poets stands out in the halls of glory. One day, Li Bai goes on abroad. He is about to sail when there's stamping and singing on shore. Oh! Here comes Wang Lun to see him off, who is Li Bai's best friend. Li Bai is very excited to see his best friend at this leaving moment. But he is sad, either. So he can't say a simple sentence. He knows that words can't express their friendship. Although the Peach Blossom Pool is one thousand feet deep, it can't match Wang Lun's love for him. I love this poem, because it makes me realize that friendship is valuable and we need true friendship. I hope everyone can find true friends. 2.求一篇介绍唐诗的英语作文To Wang Lun is written by Li Bai who among other poets stands out in the halls of glory. One day, Li Bai goes on abroad. He is about to sail when there's stamping and singing on shore. Oh! Here comes Wang Lun to see him off, who is Li Bai's best friend. Li Bai is very excited to see his best friend at this leaving moment. But he is sad, either. So he can't say a simple sentence. He knows that words can't express their friendship. Although the Peach Blossom Pool is one thousand feet deep, it can't match Wang Lun's love for him. I love this poem, because it makes me realize that friendship is valuable and we need true friendship. I hope everyone can find true friends. 3.用英语介绍唐诗的地位Status: Tang poetry is the highest achievement of the development of poetry in china. It inherits the Wei and Jin Dynasties the essence of poetry, and due to the opening of Tang culture, clear political, as well as the rulers of the respected, the poetry of the Tang Dynasty has a great development, such as the Tang Dynasty imperial examination system to take an examination of poetry special. And most of the Tang Dynasty poet love roaming, such as Li Bai, Du Fu have traveled half a Chinese, makes the poet horizons, poetry theme is extensive, rich lenovo. In the poetry of the Tang Dynasty is a master of ancient Chinese poetry and to future generations is difficult to match the position, is the highest in the history of Chinese poetry. Effects: the creation of the poetry of the Tang Dynasty diversity, rich in subject matter, to the later poetry creation provides a good template. As the saying goes, familiar with the three hundred Tang poems, not a poem will sing. The same due to Tang poetry achievement too high so that future generations are difficult to surpass, so the development of new literature in the field, the emergence and development of Ci Poetry of the Song Dynasty is a good example.地位：唐诗是我国诗歌发展的最高成就。 它继承了魏晋以来的诗歌精华，而且由于唐代开放的风气，清明的政治，以及统治者的推崇，使唐代诗歌有了长足的发展，如唐代科举制就要专门的考诗歌。而且唐代的诗人多数喜欢漫游，比如李白，杜甫都游遍了大半个中国，使得诗人的眼界开阔，诗歌题材广泛，联想丰富。 总之唐代的诗歌是我国古代诗歌的集大成者，达到了后人难以企及的地位，是我国诗歌史上的最高峰。影响：唐代诗歌的创作方式多样，题材丰富，给后世的诗歌创造提供了很好的模板，俗话说熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。 同样由于唐诗成就太高使得后人很难超越，因此开发了新的文学领域，宋词的出现与发展就是一个很好的例子。 4.向外国友人介绍中国唐诗英语作文China is a country with great history, that is why it is great for people to learn its past. Most of its past can be seen from poems made in the Tang Dynasty. Tang Dynasty was one of the greatest dynasties in the past, and from the poems we can understand more of China's culture.。 5.中文诗歌和英文诗歌的特点《英文诗歌》英语诗歌的韵律dasha英诗节奏（Rhythm） 构成英诗节奏的基础是韵律（metre）。 在希腊语中，“metre”这个字是“尺度（标谁）”的意思。英诗就是根据诗行中的音节和重读节奏作为“尺度（标准）”来计算韵律的。 英诗的特点之一是与其他文体不同的排列格式。各诗行不达到每页页边，每行开始词首大写。 几行成为一节（stanza），不分段落。各行都要讲究一定的音节数量，行末押韵或不押韵，交错排列。 ……音节重读（stressed），非重读（unstressed）。……这就是一种正规的重读形式，在诗歌中即体现为韵律。 研究诗歌韵律规则的科学叫作韵律学（Prosody）。1.音步（Foot）：英诗中这种重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。 一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节，但不能少于两个或多于三个音节，而且其中只有一个必须重读。分析英诗的格律就是将它划分成音步，并区分出是何种音步以及计算音步的数量。 这种音步划分叫scansion。根据一首英诗组成的音步数量，每一诗行一个音步称“单音步”（monometer）；每一诗行有两个音步的，称“双音步”（dimeter）；含有三个音步的，称“三音步”（trimeter）；此外还有四音步（tetrameter）、五音步、（pentameter）、六音步（hexameter）、七音步（heptameter）、八音步（octometer）。 Is this | a fast, | to keqp The lard | or lean And clean? (Herrick)2.韵律（Metre）： 英诗的韵律是依据音步包含音节的数量及重读音节的位置而加以区分的。传统英诗的音步有六种：即抑扬格（Lambus）、扬抑格（Trochee）、抑抑扬格（Anapaest）、扬抑抑格（Dactyl）及抑扬抑格（Amphibrach）:(Anapaest)、扬抑抑格（Dactyl）及抑扬抑格（Amphibrach）：“⌒”非重读音节；“/”重读音节。 涂寿鹏编著 ， 《英文诗歌导读》英诗的韵 英语诗歌的押韵可以根据单词的内音素重复的部位不同而分成不同种类，最常见的有头韵（Alliteration）、谐元韵（Assonance）和尾韵（Rhyme）。头韵指词首重复，如great和grew；谐元韵是指词中重读元音重复，如great和fail；尾韵则指词尾音素重复，如great和bait。 但一行诗中可能同时存在多种押韵形式：The light that lies in women's eyes. --Thomas Moore 这行诗中既有头韵light和lies，谐元韵light、lies、eyes，又有且有尾韵（这种押韵方式称行中韵middle rhyme）lies和eyes。英语诗歌的行与行之间的押韵格式称韵法（rhyming scheme）。 常见有两行转韵（AABB）、隔行押韵（ABCB）、隔行交互押韵（ABAB）和交错押韵（ABBA）。(Dasha整理) 英诗体例：十四行诗（sonnet）：过去也曾音译为《商籁诗》。 十四行，抑扬格，五音步用作全诗的形式。首先出现于意大利，16世纪中传入英国，为伊丽莎白时代（伊丽莎白一世在位时期为1558一1603）文人所宠爱，莎士比亚、斯宾塞及西德尼（sidney）全都写下过著名的十四行诗。 18世纪十四行诗曾受到冷落。但后又被浪漫派诗人济慈、沃兹沃斯等人所复兴，以后许多诗人也多所采用。 英国十四行诗有两种类型：意大利式（Petrarvhan）及莎士比业式（Shakesperoan）（英国式）。 A.意大利式十四行诗：模仿意大利诗人皮特拉克（Petrarch）所创的样式，由两部分组成：第一部分八行（TheOctave），由的个四行诗体（Quatrains）组成，韵脚是abbaabba；第二部分六行（The Sestet），韵脚可有不同形式。 按严格的意大利十四行诗体，在前八行结尾诗意应告一段落，而后六行又转入新的诗意。 B.莎士比亚式十四行诗：由三个四行诗体组成，韵脚交替进行。 最后是押韵的双行诗体。整个韵脚是ababcdcdefefgg。 在莎士比亚式十四行诗中意境一气呵成，直到最后双行体，为全诗高潮。除莎士比亚外，其他诗人也采用此种形式。 SONNET 21 So is not with me as with that Muse,Stirr'd by a painted beauty to his verse,Who heaven itself for ornament doth use And every fair with his fair doth rehearse,Making a couplement of proud compare,With sun and moon, with earth and sea's rich gems.With April's first-born flowers, and all things rare That heaven's air in this huge rondure hems.O, let metrue in love, but truly write,And then believe me, my love is as fair As any mother's child, though not so bright As those gold candles fix'd in heaven's air.Let them say more that like of hearsay well; I will not praise that purpose not to sell.(Shakespaere) 《十四行诗集》第21首 我的诗神①并不像那一位持神 只知运用脂粉涂抹他的诗句，连苍穹也要搬下来作妆饰品，罗列每个佳丽去称赞他的佳丽，用种种浮夸的比喻作成对偶，把他之太阳、月亮、海陆的瑰宝，四月的鲜花，和这浩荡的宇宙 蕴藏在它的怀里的一切奇妙。哦，让我既真心爱，就真心歌唱，而且，相信我，我的爱可以媲美 任何母亲的儿子，虽然论明亮 比不上挂在天空的金色烛台。 谁喜欢空话，让他尽说个不穷；我志不在出售，自用不着祷颂。见《梁宗岱译诗集》，第107页，湖南人民出版社，1983年版。 ①（原译注）诗神：即诗人，下面用男性代词“他”字。涂寿鹏编著 ， 《英文诗歌导读。 6.求英文唐诗资料乐府 王之涣 出塞 黄河远上白云间， 一片孤城万仞山。 羌笛何须怨杨柳， 春风不度玉门关。 . Folk-song-styled-verse Wang Zhihuan BEYOND THE BORDER Where a yellow river climbs to the white clouds, Near the one city-wall among ten-thousand-foot mountains, A Tartar under the willows is lamenting on his flute That spring never blows to him through the Jade Pass 乐府 李白 清平调之一 云想衣裳花想容， 春风拂槛露华浓。 若非群玉山头见， 会向瑶台月下逢。 Folk-song-styled-verse Li Bai A SONG OF PURE HAPPINESS I Her robe is a cloud, her face a flower; Her balcony, glimmering with the bright spring dew, Is either the tip of earth's Jade Mountain Or a moon- edged roof of paradise. 乐府 李白 清平调之二 一枝红艳露凝香， 云雨巫山枉断肠。 借问汉宫谁得似， 可怜飞燕倚新妆。 Folk-song-styled-verse Li Bai A SONG OF PURE HAPPINESS II There's a perfume stealing moist from a shaft of red blossom, And a mist, through the heart, from the magical Hill of Wu- - The palaces of China have never known such beauty- Not even Flying Swallow with all her glittering garments. 乐府 李白 清平调之三 名花倾国两相欢， 常得君王带笑看。 解释春风无限恨， 沈香亭北倚阑干。 Folk-song-styled-verse Li Bai A SONG OF PURE HAPPINESS III Lovely now together, his lady and his flowers Lighten for ever the Emperor's eye, As he listens to the sighing of the far spring wind Where she leans on a railing in the Aloe Pavilion. 乐府 杜秋娘 金缕衣 劝君莫惜金缕衣， 劝君惜取少年时。 花开堪折直须折， 莫待无花空折枝。 Folk-song-styled-verse Du Qiuniang THE GOLD-THREADED ROBE Covet not a gold-threaded robe, Cherish only your young days! If a bud open, gather it -- Lest you but wait for an empty bough 7.简述诗歌英译的特点从功能语法的角度分析绝句英译的特点 盛 艳 （中山大学外国语学院2001级研 广州 510275） 摘要：绝句是中国古代诗歌凝练的表现形式。 在绝句的英译过程中，由于中英诗歌的语篇特点不同，原诗与译文在诗意上会有不同程度的出入。本文将原文与译文视为不同的语篇，拟从语篇照应、语篇的指向性和概念功能对其进行分析，通过比较得出绝句的语篇特点：①绝句中经常使用省略形式，以读者的联想来贯通诗意。 ②绝句的语篇指向性比其英译本要模糊。③绝句用简洁明了的诗句来表达复杂的概念功能。 关键词：照应，指向性，概念功能 abstract: Seven-word poetry is the most compact form of ancient Chinese poetry. In the process of translation these poetry into English, because of the different textual characteristics, the meaning of the original poem will get lost on a certain degree. The paper focuses on the textual characteristics of seven-word poetry and makes analysis through three aspects ①reference ②text orientation ③experience metafunction and draws following conclusions①In seven–word poetry, unlike English text, ellipsis is usually used and meaning of the poetry is understood by the readers through their imagination. ②The text orientation of Chinese text is vague than English.③The complex metafunctions are expressed by concise text in seven-word poetry. Key words: reference , text orientation, experience metafunction 诗歌是语言高度浓缩，神形兼备的艺术。中国的绝句堪称是诗歌艺术中最具有凝聚性的表现形式。 绝句的词汇量大，内涵丰富，艺术风格多种多样。有许多文章已经从诗歌翻译的标准对中诗英译进行了评论，本文则是从功能语法的角度，将中文原诗和其不同的译本看作是不同的语篇，从而找出原诗和译作的异同点，从语言学的角度对其进行定量的分析，并对绝句的语篇特点进行粗略的探讨。 下面以一首著名的唐诗的两种英译本为例进行分析。 《望庐山瀑布》是盛唐七绝，也是中国绝句的顶峰之作。 其译作版本繁多，笔者挑选了许渊冲的译作与王守义，约翰·诺弗尔的合译本进行分析。 《望庐山瀑布》全诗28个字，用简炼的笔头表现了庐山香炉峰的顶天立地，云海弥漫以及瀑布的动态与气势。 从语篇衔接的角度而言，笔者认为在原诗中，李白是通过意想的联想将全诗融会贯通。绝句中所用到的词语词性单纯，分为四类： 名词：日，香炉，紫烟，瀑布，川，飞流，三千尺，银河，九天 动词：照，生，看，挂，下，疑，是，落 副词：遥，直 形容词：前 从co-referential的角度来分析。 词汇的衔接指通过词义的重复，同义，反义，上下义（hyponymy），互补，整体与部分（metonymy）等关系，来使语篇连贯。（黄国文 1988）词汇的衔接关系可以分为两大类：复现关系（reiteration）与同现关系（collocation）。 原绝句中用来指称瀑布的词语为：瀑布——飞流——银河，是由实到虚，步步推进的。从诗歌的意境上说，“瀑布”为实写，“飞流”则是对瀑布进行动态的描绘，“飞”突出了瀑布下落的速度。 “银河”则是虚写，“疑是银河落九天”将实际中的瀑布喻为天上繁星交织，气势宏大的银河。通过相似的词汇层层推进，瀑布的形态被生动的描绘出来。 描述瀑布飞流的动词也可以构成一个相互对照的词汇链：挂——下——落。这三个词语中，“挂”是静态的，而“下”与“落”都是动态的。 这三个词语均是同一词汇平面上的， 虽然在绝句中没有明显的表示语篇衔接的词语，但这两条词汇起到了内在的连接作用，使得读者有一个内在的，清晰的逻辑关系，可以帮助读者更好的理解诗的涵义。这首诗歌的两个译本如下： 译1: Cataract on Mount Lu The sunlit censer peak exhales a wreath of cloud, Like an upended stream the cataract sounds loud, It's torrent dashes down three thousand feet from high As if the silver river fell from the silver river （许渊冲） 译2: Watching the Lu Mountain Falls Purple smoke rises from the mountaintop Far away I see the valley stretching before me The whole waterfall hangs there The torrent dropping from thousand feet Straight down to the valley floor I think it must be the milky way Spilling to the earth from the heavens （王守义，约翰·诺弗尔） 在叙述瀑布的名词链中， 译文1用了代词it来表示瀑布，并且用其局部词torrent 来进行词汇复现。 在汉诗中，“瀑布”，“飞流”“银河” 均在同一词汇层面上，在望庐山瀑布中，他们具有相同的语义内涵，即是：迅捷，宏大。许译采取了两种语篇衔接手段①it的运用 ②“飞流”被译为torrent 。 它虽然与waterfall 和cataract均不在同一语义层面上，但是torrent 是waterfall和cataract 的局部词。局部词的使用使得全诗连贯，给人一种具体而又逼真的感觉。 愿诗通过“生紫烟”，“遥看”以及“落九天”来突出庐山的高与险。而在译诗中的词汇衔接则为censer peak----high----azure sky， 由虚写变为实写。 在绝句中，最后一句是“疑是”，“疑”表现了作者对瀑布宏大景象的赞美，as if则丢弃。 8.用英语介绍诗莎士比亚 十四行诗 BUT wherefore do not you a mightier way Make war upon this bloody tyrant, Time? And fortify yourself in your decay With means more blessèd than my barren rime? Now stand you on the top of happy hours, And many maiden gardens, yet unset, With virtuous wish would bear your living flowers, Much liker than your painted counterfeit: So should the lines of life that life repair Which this time's pencil or my pupil pen, Neither in inward worth nor outward fair Can make you live yourself in eyes of men. To give away yourself keeps yourself still, And you must live, drawn by your own sweet skill. 但是为什么不用更凶的法子 去抵抗这血淋淋的魔王--时光？ 不用比我的枯笔吉利的武器， 去防御你的衰朽，把自己加强？ 你现在站在黄金时辰的绝顶， 许多少女的花园，还未经播种， 贞洁地切盼你那绚烂的群英， 比你的画像更酷肖你的真容： 只有生命的线能把生命重描； 时光的画笔，或者我这枝弱管， 无论内心的美或外貌的姣好， 都不能使你在人们眼前活现。 献出你自己依然保有你自己， 而你得活着，靠你自己的妙笔。 That time of year thou mayst in me behold, When yellow leaves, or none, or few do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold, Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang. In me thou seest the twilight of such day, As after sunset fadeth in the west, Which by and by black night doth take away, Death's second self that seals up all in rest. In me thou seest the glowing of such fire, That on the ashes of his youth doth lie, As the death-bed, whereon it must expire, Consumed with that which it was nourished by. This thou perceiv'st, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well, which thou must leave ere long. 在我身上你或许会看见秋天 当黄叶，或尽脱，或只三三两两 挂在瑟缩的枯枝上索索抖颤 荒废的歌坛，那里百鸟曾合唱 在我身上你或许会看见暮霭 它在日落后向西方徐徐消退 黑夜，死的化身，渐渐把它赶开 严静的安息笼住纷纭的万类 在我身上你或许会看见余烬 它在青春的寒灰里奄奄一息 在惨淡的灵床上早晚要断魂 给那滋养过它的烈焰所销毁 看见了这些 你的爱就会加强 因为他转瞬要辞你溘然长往。 |